Search for: All records

Many studies focus on the best way to communicate volcanic information during a crisis event. Because of the urgency during crisis, many of crisis communication studies find that the issues that arise during volcanic crises can often be mitigated during the ‘quiet times’ between eruptions. This project addresses how to engage the population near a volcano that is in this period of quiescence. The goal is to synthesize peer-reviewed research that investigates volcano hazard communication when the threat of eruption is low. By doing this, we will provide scientists and others working with the public recommendations for communication materials. This synthesis will offer suggestions from the academic literature for effectively engaging the public in communication about volcanos, what content messages could include, and what mediums are available to reach different audiences. These recommendations are intended to provide a baseline for scientists to think about the multiple ways to engage with the variety of audiences that live around their volcano of study; they are not intended to be a rigid formula that applies to every population. We have systematically gathered peer reviewed articles from Web of Science, Georef, and Google Scholar, using specific search terms generated through consultation with a University of Oregon librarian. Through the use of specific exclusion criteria, we have narrowed down the 330 resulting papers to a final list of 34 studies that provide suggestions on volcano communications during periods of quiescence. This project will use the advice found in these studies to create a reference for scientists as they create communication materials to disseminate to the public regarding a volcano. The results found include different mediums, such as virtual reality, hazard maps, films, social media, and various online tools that a scientist can utilize to convey their findings. There are also recommendations for different audiences, such as tourists, children, rural communities, and indigenous populations. By synthesizing the findings of these studies into a single document for a scientist to reference, we can help scientists to best engage the public in learning about a volcano during quiescence. 

The Santorini arc volcano in the Hellenic subduction zone has a history of caldera-forming Plinian eruptions, most recently in the Late Bronze Age 3.4 kya, and it remains volcanically active. To inform volcanic hazard assessments, it is crucial to understand where melt is distributed. The PROTEUS experiment in 2015 recorded >14,000 controlled marine sound sources on 165 land and seafloor seismic stations. Tomographic inversion of this data revealed low P-wave velocities in the upper 4 kilometers beneath the caldera and nearby Kolumbo seamount interpreted as the magma system (McVey et al., 2020; Chrapkewiecz et al., 2022). However, structure of the magma system was only determined in the upper (<4-6km) crust and melt content is only weakly constrained. In this study we improve constraints on the deeper magma system and subsurface melt content with a tomographic P and S wave velocity structure. To do so, we add to the inverse problem arrival times from ~1500 local earthquakes with magnitudes from 0.5 to 3.0 that occurred between 5 and 20 km depth. The events were recorded on 142 3-component ocean bottom and island seismic stations that span the seafloor ~60 km west and east of the island and the nearby islands. Results beneath Santorini and Kolumbo suggest that the upper crustal magma reservoirs extend deeper than previously found, and we image a high Vp layer (~5-8 km) under the magma reservoir at Kolumbo. We identify this layer as strong, cooled, intruded magma and correlate it to the location of earthquakes, within which, swarms of rapidly upward propagating seismicity support prior inferences of melt conduits traversing a rheologically strong layer (Schmid et al, 2022). We give values for melt content of the upper crustal reservoirs using a scaled Vp/Vs model. Since the number of arrivals, apriori assigned uncertainty, and differences in ray geometry can result in P and S waves with different resolving power, we use measured resolution to scale the Vs perturbations and create a more realistic Vp/Vs model. The addition of earthquake arrivals allows us to map the magma reservoirs beneath the Santorini-Kolumbo magma system to 8 km depth and identify regions of elevated melt content.